Taken together, these findings can significantly promote the application of exosomes for therapy and targeted drug delivery in various brain pathologies.
In addition, MSC-exo were selectively uptaken by neuronal cells, but not glial cells, in the pathological regions. The neuro-inflammatory signal in pathological brains was highly correlated with MSC-exo accumulation, suggesting that the homing mechanism is inflammatory-driven. We found that MSC-exo specifically targeted and accumulated in pathologically relevant murine models brains regions up to 96 h post administration, while in healthy controls they showed a diffuse migration pattern and clearance by 24 h. Here, we used this technique to track the migration and homing patterns of intranasally administrated exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exo) in different brain pathologies, including stroke, autism, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.
We have recently developed a method for longitudinal and quantitative in vivo neuroimaging of exosomes based on the superior visualization abilities of classical X-ray computed tomography (CT), combined with gold nanoparticles as labeling agents. Alhough they have been found to cross the blood brain barrier, their migration and homing abilities within the brain remain unstudied. Exosomes, nanovesicles that are secreted by different cell types, enable intercellular communication at local or distant sites.
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